tyrotricin, daptomycin and actinomycin D) or serve as lead structures for current drug development (e.g. Several other compounds or compound mixtures are either used directly (e.g. Still, additional monomers are being described in the literature.Īmong the most prominent examples of pharmaceutically exploited non-ribosomal cyclic peptides are cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant from Tolypocladium inflatum, , and vancomycin, an antibiotic from Amycolatopsis orientalis. Opposed to 20 proteinogenic amino acids, over 500 different monomers can be compiled from known non-ribosomal peptides and are publicly available in the NORINE database. These compounds often derive from a mixed PKS/NRPS biosynthetic pathway as described in great detail e.g. Non-ribosomal peptides are fascinating for the natural product chemist, as they are not only composed of proteinogenic amino acids but also contain unusual and highly modified amino acids or monomers constructed by polyketide synthases (PKS). the microviridins found in Microcystis strains), , but predominantly they are synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) –. These compounds can be of ribosomal origin (e.g. Especially cyanobacteria have long been known for the wealth of cyclic peptides and cyclic depsipeptides they produce –. Cyclic peptides are found in many bacterial and fungal strains. Cyano Biotech GmbH has given TN the permission to publish the manuscript.Ĭyclic peptides are a group of natural products that attracts the interest of a large number of researchers due to their intriguing structures and powerful and diverse bioactivities. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. However, the described software has not been developed at Cyano Biotech, and the company does not have any financial interests in it. No additional external funding received for this study.Ĭompeting interests: Timo Niedermeyer is an employee of Cyano Biotech GmbH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (P2), the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (ME10013). Received: Accepted: AugPublished: September 13, 2012Ĭopyright: © Niedermeyer, Strohalm. Moffitt Cancer Center, United States of America Thus it is highly useful for accelerating the structure confirmation and elucidation of cyclic as well as linear peptides and depsipeptides.Ĭitation: Niedermeyer THJ, Strohalm M (2012) mMass as a Software Tool for the Annotation of Cyclic Peptide Tandem Mass Spectra. It has been found to be superior to other currently available tools concerning both usability and annotation extensiveness. The resulting software has been tested on several cyanobacterial and other naturally occurring peptides. This lack of advanced and user-friendly software tools has motivated us to extend the fragmentation module of a freely available open-source software, mMass ( ), to allow for cyclic peptide tandem mass spectra annotation and interpretation. They are thus not suitable for extensive mass spectrometric characterization of these compounds. Even though several software tools for cyclic peptide tandem mass spectra annotation have been published, these tools are still unable to annotate a majority of the signals observed in experimentally obtained mass spectra. Their mass spectrometric characterization is difficult due to the predominant occurrence of non-proteinogenic monomers and the complex fragmentation patterns observed. Natural or synthetic cyclic peptides often possess pronounced bioactivity.
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