tyrotricin, daptomycin and actinomycin D) or serve as lead structures for current drug development (e.g. Several other compounds or compound mixtures are either used directly (e.g. Still, additional monomers are being described in the literature.Īmong the most prominent examples of pharmaceutically exploited non-ribosomal cyclic peptides are cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant from Tolypocladium inflatum, , and vancomycin, an antibiotic from Amycolatopsis orientalis. Opposed to 20 proteinogenic amino acids, over 500 different monomers can be compiled from known non-ribosomal peptides and are publicly available in the NORINE database. These compounds often derive from a mixed PKS/NRPS biosynthetic pathway as described in great detail e.g. Non-ribosomal peptides are fascinating for the natural product chemist, as they are not only composed of proteinogenic amino acids but also contain unusual and highly modified amino acids or monomers constructed by polyketide synthases (PKS). the microviridins found in Microcystis strains), , but predominantly they are synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) –. These compounds can be of ribosomal origin (e.g. Especially cyanobacteria have long been known for the wealth of cyclic peptides and cyclic depsipeptides they produce –. Cyclic peptides are found in many bacterial and fungal strains. Cyano Biotech GmbH has given TN the permission to publish the manuscript.Ĭyclic peptides are a group of natural products that attracts the interest of a large number of researchers due to their intriguing structures and powerful and diverse bioactivities. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. However, the described software has not been developed at Cyano Biotech, and the company does not have any financial interests in it. No additional external funding received for this study.Ĭompeting interests: Timo Niedermeyer is an employee of Cyano Biotech GmbH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (P2), the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (ME10013). Received: Accepted: AugPublished: September 13, 2012Ĭopyright: © Niedermeyer, Strohalm. Moffitt Cancer Center, United States of America Thus it is highly useful for accelerating the structure confirmation and elucidation of cyclic as well as linear peptides and depsipeptides.Ĭitation: Niedermeyer THJ, Strohalm M (2012) mMass as a Software Tool for the Annotation of Cyclic Peptide Tandem Mass Spectra. It has been found to be superior to other currently available tools concerning both usability and annotation extensiveness. The resulting software has been tested on several cyanobacterial and other naturally occurring peptides. This lack of advanced and user-friendly software tools has motivated us to extend the fragmentation module of a freely available open-source software, mMass ( ), to allow for cyclic peptide tandem mass spectra annotation and interpretation. They are thus not suitable for extensive mass spectrometric characterization of these compounds. Even though several software tools for cyclic peptide tandem mass spectra annotation have been published, these tools are still unable to annotate a majority of the signals observed in experimentally obtained mass spectra. Their mass spectrometric characterization is difficult due to the predominant occurrence of non-proteinogenic monomers and the complex fragmentation patterns observed. Natural or synthetic cyclic peptides often possess pronounced bioactivity.
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Wolfsbane has a rich, powerful telepathic link with Danielle Moonstar but this is Dany’s power, not Rahne’s. Her resistance to spiritual attack is also good due to her nature. Here we discover 10 facts about Rahne Sinclair. Like the rest of the New Mutants, Wolfsbane is trained to resist telepathic control and detection. Wolfsbane by Mid-World’s very own pic.twitter. Marvels New Mutants film will contain many of the comic book characters, including Wolfbane. That and the fact that it looks like her. Though he fell short of saying that the art WAS absolutely Maisie Williams, tagging her in the piece is a pretty solid sign that she is the model for it. Limited Edition, Fan Art Print by Bob McLeod: THE NEW MUTANTS: WOLFSBANE BY MOONLIGHT Fine Art Print: 100Platinum Art Print: 100Gicle Canvas: 100 About the. Those rumor were denied, but as of this weekend, they were reinvigorated when the film’s director, Josh Boone, tweeted out some concept art of Wolfsbane by artist Ashley Guillory and tagged Maisie Williams in it. Magik, Mirage, Wolfsbane, and Karma were joined by Warpath and Warlock in this mission, while the young generation of mutants were represented by the 'Lost Club' of Gabby Kinney, Anole, Cosmar, No-Girl, and Rain Boy. Basically, she’s a werewolf who can go full wolf or just partially, depending on her emotional state. Wolfsbane, the tortured Catholic mutant who can transform her body into a feral lupine human. Last summer some casting rumors about the film put Game of Thronesstar Maisie Williams in a lead role as Rahne Sinclair, a.k.a. In the comics, the connection exists solely because of Danis telepathic bond with animals, but in the movie, the pairs bond is interpreted as romantic. We know that the film is written and directed by Josh Boone and that it goes into production this summer, but we know very little else about Fox Studios‘ next entry into the X-Men franchise, The New Mutants. The New Mutants film takes a much less technical approach to Mirage and Wolfsbanes shared connection, however. Even if you aren't watching when something happens, you'll know immediately if something is wrong. This system will send you an email alert, complete with a photo of the activity, if any motion is detected or if cameras experience video loss. You will instantly know if any suspicious activity is happening on your property. Ideal for businesses with a large staff and multiple storage areas or large residential and rural properties, a 16CH system allows you to have maximum monitoring locations both indoor and out. This system is ready for you to add up to 16 surveillance cameras allowing you to monitor every corner and doorway of your property. This DVR uses H.264 compression which maximizes recording time, transfers data more efficiently over the internet and you'll use 50% less storage space than traditional compressions - MPEG4, MJPEG - while still benefitting from high-quality imagery. which would be replaced with a shared value added tax ( SVAT ). And if you need to expand your storage even further, you can choose to record only when motion is detected. Along with the vertical imbalances in the present system, such moral hazard is a. You can check out the live feed of this camera from anywhere in the world by the use of the internet. Back up and transfer your video footage with a USB flash drive or external USB hard drive with the built-in USB port. Most of the things a security camera should have can be found in the SVAT 16CH H.264 500GB Smart Security DVR with 16 Hi-res Outdoor Surveillance Cameras and Smart Phone Compatibility (11045). Your DVR will send an alert when your memory space is full so you can choose to overwrite old video or stop recording. SVAT CV301 8CH 002 Channel Security Surveillance Looking for SVAT CV301-8CH-002 we provide information to buy SVAT CV301-8CH-002 Web Ready 8 Channel H.264 500GB HDD DVR Security System with Smart Phone Access and 4 Indoor/Outdoor Hi-Res Night Vision CCD Surveillance Cameras, you may see the best price with special offers. The included 500GB hard drive allows for continuous monitoring and can store over two years' worth of recorded footage. Whether you are around the block or around the world, you will always feel in control. Using a smartphone, tablet or computer you will always be able to see what you otherwise may have missed without your SVAT Security System. It's so simple to use it will even begin recording as soon as it's plugged in.Īccess live footage of your home or business online, anytime and anywhere. 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String found in binary or memory: emind.sour ceforge.ne t String found in binary or memory: emind.sf.n et/ String found in binary or memory: emind.sf.n et) sourceforg e.net/free mind/freem ind/freemi nd/modes/m indmapmode /actions/M indMapActi String found in binary or memory: emind.cvs. sourceforg e.net/free mind/freem ind/freemi nd/modes/M odeControl ler.java?v iew=log The formula returns TRUE if a value in cell A1 is greater than or equal to the values in cell B1 FALSE otherwise. The formula returns TRUE if a value in cell A1 is greater than a value in cell B1 otherwise it returns FALSE. The formula returns TRUE if a value in cell A1 is not equal to the value in cell B1 FALSE otherwise. The formula returns TRUE if a value in cell A1 is equal to the values in cell B1 FALSE otherwise. The following table explains what each of them does and illustrates the theory with formula examples. Six logical operators are available in Excel. Logical operators are sometimes called Boolean operators because the result of the comparison in any given case can only be either TRUE or FALSE. You can use this tool to step through all kinds of formulas.A logical operator is used in Excel to compare two values. Download the Excel file and choose one of the IF formulas explained on this page. On the Formulas tab, in the Formula Auditing group, click Evaluate Formula. This Excel tool helps you understand a formula.Ĥ. If TRUE, the IF function returns the sum of Data2, if FALSE, the IF function returns 0.Ĭonfused? You can always use the Evaluate Formula tool to step through your IF formula. The sky is the limit!Įxplanation: the AND function returns TRUE if the input value is greater than 100 and the average of the values in the named range Data1 is greater than 100, else it returns FALSE. You can combine IF with AVERAGE, SUM and other Excel functions. If TRUE, the IF function returns Yes, if FALSE, the IF function returns No.Ģ. For example, use IF and AND to test if a value is between two numbers.Įxplanation: the AND function returns TRUE if the person is older than 12 and younger than 20, else it returns FALSE. Let's take a look at a few more cool examples.ġ. For example, take a look at the nested IF formula in cell C2 below.Įxplanation: if the score is less than 60, the nested IF formula returns F, if the score is greater than or equal to 60 and less than 70, the formula returns D, if the score is greater than or equal to 70 and less than 80, the formula returns C, if the score is greater than or equal to 80 and less than 90, the formula returns B, else it returns A. If you have Excel 2016 or later, simply use the IFS function.Ģ. For example, take a look at the nested IF formula in cell C2 below.Įxplanation: if the score equals 1, the nested IF formula returns Bad, if the score equals 2, the nested IF formula returns Good, if the score equals 3, the nested IF formula returns Excellent, else it returns Not Valid. The FALSE value is being replaced by another IF function to make a further test.ġ. The IF function in Excel can be nested, when you have multiple conditions to meet. If TRUE, the IF function reduces the price by 50%, if FALSE, the IF function reduces the price by 10%. The AND function returns TRUE if Product equals "Table" and Color equals "Green" or "Blue". For example, take a look at the IF function in cell D2 below.Įxplanation: the AND function above has two arguments separated by a comma (Table, Green or Blue). If TRUE, the IF function returns Pass, if FALSE, the IF function returns Fail.ģ. For example, take a look at the IF function in cell D2 below.Įxplanation: the OR function returns TRUE if at least one score is greater than or equal to 60, else it returns FALSE. If TRUE, the IF function returns Pass, if FALSE, the IF function returns Fail.Ģ. For example, take a look at the IF function in cell D2 below.Įxplanation: the AND function returns TRUE if the first score is greater than or equal to 60 and the second score is greater than or equal to 90, else it returns FALSE. Use the IF function in combination with the AND function and the OR function and become an Excel expert.ġ. If, on the other hand, you don’t mind taking the very slight risk of running into problems and having to spend a few hours fixing them, Wait until any problems with the version 1.0 release have been discovered and fixed. If you’re reading this just before Catalina ships, or within a few weeks of launch, and you can’t afford to be without your Mac for a few hours at a time, There’s no guarantee that the final version is completely bug-free. However, it doesn’t always work like that.īugs do stick around, or new ones creep in. It should be bug free and work well on every Mac on which it’s supported. So, by the time the final version is released, I’m still on the fence, should I really upgrade now?Ĭatalina was in Beta testing for four months – the first month with just developers, and then three months or so with regular users.įeedback from the beta program helps Apple’s developers refine it and fix bugs. You can use CleanMyMac X to update multiple apps on your Mac very quickly. Make sure your Mac, iPad and the apps you’re trying to use with Sidecar are up to date. If that works, the problem is with the app, not Sidecar. If you’re not sure, check by opening a PDF in preview and using your iPad to annotate a PDF. Make sure the app you are using on your Mac is compatible with Sidecar, not all apps are. If you have an iPad Pro and a Mac that doesn’t have a USB-C slot, you’ll need a hub with USB-C connectors, or a USB-C to USB-A cable. Plug your iPad into your Mac with its charging cable, instead of using a wifi connection. If you’re using Sidecar wirelessly, make sure your wifi network is working properly and that both your Mac and iPad are connected to it. This new feature of Catalina, which allows you to use your iPad as a second screen, or even a graphics tablet, for your Mac can be problematic.Ĭheck your wifi connection. Hold the keys for 10-15 seconds and release. Hold down Control + Shift + Option and press the power button to start your Mac. Shut down your Mac, or turn it off using the power button. It rarely needs resetting, but doing so causes no harm, so it’s worth a try. The system management controller (SMC) controls the hardware in your Mac – speakers, LEDs, and so on. Hold the keys down until your Mac has restarted. Restart while holding down Command + Shift + P + R. This is one of those fixes that used to be common but is rarely necessary on modern Macs. When it has restarted, try running the installer again. Hold down the Shift key while it restarts. the Apple menu if you can, or by holding down the power button. If it’s not, do the following steps in order. That should confirm whether it’s working. If you think the installer has stuck or isn’t working, press Command + L to see progress. Remember that the installation can’t take a while, several hours, even. If your Mac is on that list and you can’t install Catalina, there could be a number of reasons. You can also unsubscribe from commercial email messages by clicking a button above the header.Īnd you can mute threads – messages will still arrive in your inbox but notifications will be muted. The Mail app in Catalina allows you to block all mail from specific senders and when you do, all messages from them will be sent to the Trash. You can now view video as picture-in-picture from the audio tab in Safari,Īnd it will alert you if it thinks passwords you create for websites are weak. There’s new start page in Safari, to allow you to more easily find your favourite and most frequently visited sites.Īnd Siri can suggest things here, too, including bookmarks from your lists, reading list items, tabs open in your other devices, You can share folders of notes and collaborate on them with friends and colleagues.Īnd there are new checklist options that allow you to move completed items to the bottom of a list or drag and drop items to re-arrange them. There’s a new Gallery view in the Notes app, and improved search. It also highlights moments like birthdays, anniversaries, and trips. Month, or year, hiding duplicates and things like screen grabs. The Photos app has a new layout that highlights your best shots of the day, You can tag someone in a reminder and be notified about it the next time you chat to them in Messages.Īnd Siri will suggest new reminders based on what it finds in Messages. Reminders has been completely redesigned in Catalina to match the new version in iOS 13, allowing you to create Smart Lists and add attachments. That means you’ll need to put your watch forward by an hour just by driving south, no closer to the date line than you were when you started. Meanwhile on the east coast, the northern half of the country stays two hours ahead of the west coast for the whole year, but during Daylight Saving Time the southern half goes ahead by ANOTHER hour, so it’s a full three hours ahead of the west coast. That is, until winter when Daylight Saving Time (where some countries put their clocks forward or back to conserve or extend daylight during winter and summer) kicks in, and this central territory is split in half, so the southern half is one more hour ahead than the north. Here’s how it works: Perth, on the far west of the continent, has a single time zone the whole year round, but the central chunk is one-hour-and-a-half ahead for some of the year. Horizontal time zones and daylight savingsĭespite splitting its time zone vertically like the rest of the world (most of the world anyway – see above) Australia loses points for its nonsensical vertical timezones. That means you can live in Thailand and still be in yesterday while people living hundreds of miles west of you in China are already living an hour ahead in tomorrow. The same goes for the southeast Asian countries that follow China’s border east, as they all have subsequent time zones despite it STILL being 1pm in China. However, in China’s far west it’s still 1pm, but just over the border in India it’s only 10am (or usually 10:30am, because India uses half-hour time zone rules. What does this mean? Well, when it’s 1pm on China’s eastern coast, it’s also 1pm in the nearby Philippines. This makes everything confusing because there are actually four time zones existing between the far west and far east of China, despite there only being one zone for the whole of China itself. For example, North America, Africa, Russia and Australia split their land mass up into different time zones (the East Coast of the US is three hours ahead the West Coast), but China, India and Argentina don’t. Life would be much easier if the world had time zones that ran in straight lines – but when is life ever simple? To make things more complicated than they probably should be, some big countries don’t split their time zones even though the countries and continents around them do. This would explain why Portugal is the same time zone as the UK, despite being in the same actual place as Spain. Meanwhile, Spanish dictator Franco changed the time to an hour ahead in Spain too. France, Holland, Luxembourg and Belgium were all originally in the same time zone as the UK, but Germany changed their time to match the German zone (one hour ahead of the UK) during their occupation of those countries during the war. The time UK and Europe SHOULD be the sameĪmongst many things the Second World War messed up, one of them was the time zones between the UK and the rest of Europe. It’s pretty much the Inception of solar activity. HOW IS THIS POSSIBLE?! Well, France is in a time zone that’s one hour ahead of the UK but geographically it’s slightly to the east, meaning the sunset actually reaches Paris before it reaches London, even though it exists in a time that’s later than the UK, so it’s already later when the sun sets. This is especially strange because the two cities are not that far apart. Let’s start with a fact that blew my mind: the sun sets in Paris simultaneously earlier and later than in London. With that in mind, here are six crazy facts about time zones that every world traveler (or wannabe world traveler) should know: 1. Despite confusing the hell out of everyone, time zones are totally necessary and essential to daily life. How many times have you boarded a flight at 2pm on a Tuesday and landed at 6pm the same day even though you’ve been in the air for NINE HOURS? I know I have. Time zones make logical sense, but they can also be really annoying. The cells die at their next scheduled division. With the exception of very radiosensitive cells such as lymphocytes, radiation therapy does not cause immediate cell death. 1, 3 Indications in the emergent setting include spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, and symptomatic brain metastases. 2, 3 Table Table1 1 lists the indications for use of palliative radiotherapy. 1 In 2002, 40 to 50% of patients referred to radiation oncology clinics were treated with palliative intent. Approximately half of all patients diagnosed with cancer receive radiation therapy at some point in their life. Palliative radiation therapy is given to alleviate symptoms, restore function, prevent morbidity of disease progression in the area treated, relieve suffering caused by cancer, and improve quality of life. Curative therapy is delivered to eradicate tumor and hence cure the patient. It can be broadly divided into therapy delivered for curative and palliative intent. PSNR, SSIM, and MS-SSIM return floats but require images to be the same dimensions.Radiation therapy plays an important role in cancer treatment. The fast comparison method returns an integer from 0 to 99, where 0 is identical. Jpeg-recompress -quiet image.jpg compressed.jpg jpeg-compareĬompare two JPEG photos to judge how similar they are. Jpeg-recompress -no-progressive image.jpg compressed.jpg # Disable progressive mode (not recommended) # Read from stdin and write to stdout with '-' as the filenameĭcraw -w -q 3 -c IMG_1234.CR2 | jpeg-recompress -ppm - compressed.jpg Jpeg-recompress -defish 2.6 -zoom 1.2 image.jpg defished.jpg # Remove fisheye distortion (Tokina 10-17mm on APS-C 10mm) Jpeg-recompress -subsample disable image.jpg compressed.jpg # Use 4:4:4 sampling (disables subsampling). Jpeg-recompress -method smallfry image.jpg compressed.jpg Jpeg-recompress -accurate -quality high -min 60 image.jpg compressed.jpg # Slow high quality settings (3-4x slower than above, slightly more accurate) Jpeg-recompress -quality high -min 60 image.jpg compressed.jpg This may lead to unintended behavior for specific use cases (see #12 for an example), so you can use -subsample disable to disable this subsampling. Most digital cameras do the same because of limitations in the human eye. By default, the JPEG encoder subsamples the non-luma channels to two pixels (often referred to as 4:2:0 subsampling). For each 2x2 block of pixels per color channel (four pixels total) it can store four pixels (all of them), two pixels or a single pixel. The JPEG format allows for subsampling of the color channels to save space. Note: The SmallFry algorithm may be patented so use with caution. Linear-weighted BBCQ-like ( original project, 2011 BBCQ paper) Multi-scale structural similarity (slow!) ( 2008 paper) The following metrics are available when using jpeg-recompress. They may differ on individual photos (like above) because each metric considers different parts of the image to be more or less important for compression. Why are they different sizes? The default quality settings are set to average out to similar visual quality over large data sets. By comparison the veryhigh quality setting chooses a JPEG quality of 93 and saves 70% of the file size. The recompression algorithm chooses a JPEG quality of 80. By default SSIM is used, which lowers the file size by 88%. The left shows the original image from the camera, while the others show the output of jpeg-recompress with the medium quality setting and various comparison methods. Demoīelow are two 100% crops of Nikon's D3x Sample Image 2. Some basic photo-related editing options are available, such as removing fisheye lens distortion. The better the quality of the input image is, the better the output will be. In fact, you can use jpeg-recompress as a replacement for cjpeg by using PPM input and the -ppm option. There is no need for the input file to be a JPEG. By default all EXIF/IPTC/XMP and color profile metadata is copied over, but this can be disabled to save more space if desired. This is a lossy operation, but the images are visually identical and it usually saves 30-70% of the size for JPEGs coming from a digital camera, particularly DSLRs. Jpeg-archive -quality medium -method smallfry jpeg-recompressĬompress JPEGs by re-encoding to the smallest JPEG quality while keeping perceived visual quality the same and by making sure huffman tables are optimized. # Compress a folder of images cd path/to/photos The illusion of motion caused by a rapid succession of images that minimally differ from each other, with unnoticeable interruptions, is a stroboscopic effect. The illusion of animation-as in motion pictures in general-has traditionally been attributed to the persistence of vision and later to the phi phenomenon and beta movement, but the exact neurological causes are still uncertain. cats and mice, coyotes and birds), the action often centers on violent pratfalls such as falls, collisions, and explosions that would be lethal in real life. Especially with animals that form a natural predator/prey relationship (e.g. The style takes inspiration from comic strips, often featuring anthropomorphic animals, superheroes, or the adventures of human protagonists. Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two- and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets, or clay figures.Ī cartoon is an animated film, usually a short film, featuring an exaggerated visual style. Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer animation (which may have the look of traditional animation) can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth, or faster real-time renderings. Today, many animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. This animation moves at 10 frames per second.Īnimation is a method by which still figures are manipulated to appear as moving images. |
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